Everything You Need To Know Before Breaking Ground On Your New Pool

A well-designed swimming pool offers more than just a refreshing way to cool off—it becomes the centerpiece of your backyard, an elegant venue for entertaining, and a private retreat for fitness or relaxation. Whether your goal is leisure, wellness, or lifestyle enhancement, planning for a new pool requires thoughtful consideration of your property’s layout, how you plan to use the pool, your maintenance preferences, and your overall budget. In this guide, we explore the most popular types and styles of in-ground pools, the different materials used to construct them, and the various sanitation systems that keep them clean and enjoyable.

Types Of In-Ground Swimming Pools

The foundation of any successful pool project begins with selecting the right construction method. The type of pool you choose will influence everything from the installation timeline and upfront cost to the level of customization and ongoing maintenance required. Whether you’re prioritizing design flexibility, ease of upkeep, or overall affordability, understanding the key differences between concrete, fiberglass, and vinyl-liner pools will help guide your decision and ensure your new pool complements both your lifestyle and your home.

1. Concrete Pools

Concrete is a proven and highly adaptable material for in-ground pools, valued for its durability and design flexibility. The process begins with excavation, followed by the installation of a steel rebar grid that reinforces the pool’s walls and floor. Next, plumbing lines and electrical conduits are set in place. To form the pool shell, a specialized concrete mixture is sprayed over the rebar—either as shotcrete, which is pre-mixed and delivered wet, or gunite, which is applied dry and mixed with water at the nozzle. Once the shell has been applied, it must cure for approximately 28 days to reach full strength. The interior is then coated with a smooth, waterproof plaster finish. Coping, typically made of stone, tile, or brick, is added around the edges to create a clean transition from pool to surrounding patio.

One of the biggest advantages of a concrete pool is that it can be customized in nearly any shape, size, or style to suit your preferences. Whether you envision intricate tile mosaics on the floors and walls, built-in seating, a sun shelf, or integrated water features, concrete can accommodate nearly any design element. However, this flexibility comes with trade-offs. The construction process is complex and time-intensive, often taking several months from start to finish. In addition, concrete pools require consistent maintenance including regular chemical balancing and occasional resurfacing to preserve their appearance and prevent issues such as algae growth or surface staining.

2. Fiberglass Pools

For homeowners seeking a quicker installation and lower-maintenance option, fiberglass pools are a popular alternative to concrete. These pools are manufactured off-site as a single, seamless shell, then transported to your home by trailer. After excavation, a gravel base is compacted to create a stable foundation. A crane lowers the preformed shell into place, where it is carefully leveled. Plumbing is connected, the area surrounding the pool is backfilled for stability, and rebar may be added to reinforce the perimeter. Finally, coping materials such as stone, tile, brick, or concrete are installed to integrate the pool with the surrounding hardscape.

While fiberglass pools come in a variety of sizes and configurations, they are not fully customizable like concrete pools. However, many models include desirable features such as built-in benches, tanning ledges, or integrated spas. The smooth, non-porous surface of fiberglass resists algae growth and requires fewer chemicals to balance the pH level of the pool water, making it a practical choice for those who prefer minimal upkeep. Over time, though, the gel coat finish may show signs of wear from sun exposure or pool chemicals, and resurfacing can be both complex and costly.

3. Vinyl-Liner Pools

Vinyl-liner pools offer the most budget-friendly entry point for in-ground pool construction and are valued for their design flexibility. Installation begins with excavation, followed by the assembly of wall panels made from steel, aluminum, or polymer. These panels are anchored with structural braces, and a concrete footing is poured around the perimeter to lock everything in place. After plumbing is installed, the floor is coated with a smooth layer of vermiculite to create a supportive base. A custom vinyl liner is then vacuum fitted into the pool’s interior and secured into a track system at the top of the walls. Once in position, the pool is partially filled with water to hold the liner in place, and openings for skimmers, lights, and return jets are carefully cut and sealed. The surrounding area is backfilled and decking or patio materials are added to complete the installation.

Because a vinyl-liner pool is built on-site, it can be tailored to suit nearly any size or shape, offering design freedom at a lower cost than concrete or fiberglass. The liner’s soft surface is comfortable underfoot and relatively easy to clean. However, durability is a concern: liners typically need to be replaced every 7 to 10 years, and they can be easily punctured by pets, toys, or fallen debris. Replacement costs and limited warranties may impact this type of pool's long-term value, particularly when it comes to a home's resale.

Styles Of In-Ground Swimming Pools

Choosing the right pool style is just as important as selecting its construction method. The shape, layout, and surrounding features will influence how your pool functions and how it enhances your outdoor living environment. Below are some of the most sought-after design styles for in-ground swimming pools.

1. Geometric Pools

Geometric pools feature clean lines and well-defined shapes such as rectangles, ovals, or circles, making them an ideal choice for modern homes with structured landscaping. Their symmetrical layouts easily accommodate elegant design features like raised walls, integrated spas, vanishing edges, and bold tile accents. In addition to their visual appeal, geometric pools often provide more usable swim space, balancing style with functionality.

2. Freeform Pools

In contrast to geometric designs, freeform pools have flowing, organic shapes that mimic natural bodies of water. Their soft curves and irregular outlines blend beautifully with lush landscaping and are often complemented by rock waterfalls, plantings, and stone accents. Freeform pools evoke a relaxed, resort-style feel and are perfect for homeowners who prefer a more natural aesthetic for their outdoor living space.

3. Infinity Pools

Infinity pools—also known as vanishing-edge or zero-edge pools—are designed to create the illusion that the water extends endlessly over the horizon. Water continuously spills over one edge into a hidden catch basin below, where it is filtered and recirculated. This visually stunning effect works best on properties with scenic views and requires careful engineering and precise construction. While often more costly to build, an infinity pool delivers unmatched visual impact and luxury appeal.

4. Architectural Pools

Architectural pools are designed as extensions of the home itself. These pools reflect the architectural style and geometry of the residence and are typically finished with high-end materials such as natural stone, brick, or textured tile. Walls may be raised for emphasis, and unique design elements are often incorporated to create a truly customized, cohesive look. Because of the level of detail involved, architectural pools are usually designed by a highly skilled architect or landscape designer and can be among the most expensive to build.

5. Lap Pools

Lap pools are long, narrow, and streamlined—ideal for fitness-focused homeowners. Their simple rectangular shape makes them efficient in smaller spaces, and they can be outfitted with heaters or automatic covers to support year-round exercise. However, lap pools are primarily functional and may offer less versatility for recreation or entertaining than other styles of pools.

6. Plunge Pools

Compact and shallow, plunge pools are designed for relaxation rather than swimming. They’re a practical choice for smaller backyards or urban settings, and many models include features like hydrotherapy jets or temperature controls for cold-water plunges or warm soaking. While they lack the space for active play or laps, plunge pools are quick to install, easy to maintain, and perfect for a wellness-oriented lifestyle.

7. Indoor Pools

An indoor pool is an excellent option for those who want to enjoy swimming year-round in a controlled, private environment. Typically built within a dedicated room or fully enclosed structure, these pools require specialized HVAC systems to regulate temperature and humidity. While the upfront investment and ongoing maintenance costs can be significant, indoor pools offer a weather-proof, luxurious retreat that can be enjoyed in every season.

Swimming Pool Sanitation Systems

Maintaining crystal-clear water is essential to the safety, comfort, and longevity of any pool. While each sanitation system works differently, the goal is the same: to eliminate harmful bacteria, control algae growth, and ensure a pleasant swimming environment. Below are the three primary types of sanitation systems used for in-ground pools.

1. Chlorine Systems

Chlorine is the most widely used pool sanitizer and has long been the standard for keeping water safe and clean. It works by oxidizing contaminants and killing bacteria, but to be effective, the pool’s pH level must be regularly monitored and adjusted. Ideally, the water should maintain a pH between 7.2 and 7.8 to prevent irritation and ensure chlorine efficiency. While chlorine systems are typically the most affordable to install and repair, they do require routine chemical balancing and hands-on maintenance. Be aware that swimmers may experience skin or eye sensitivity from extended exposure to chlorine-based products.

2. Saltwater Systems

Saltwater pools have become increasingly popular for their gentler swimming experience and simplified upkeep. Instead of adding chlorine manually, a saltwater system uses a generator to convert dissolved salt into chlorine through a process called electrolysis. This results in consistently balanced water with fewer chemical fluctuations and less irritation for swimmers. Though easier to maintain on a daily basis, saltwater systems come with higher initial costs and require periodic replacement of the generator cell—typically every 3 to 7 years. Additionally, salt can accelerate corrosion of certain materials, including metal handrails, heaters, and some natural stone finishes. These factors should be considered when selecting materials for your pool and its surrounding areas.

3. Natural Systems

For an eco-conscious alternative, natural pool systems use biological filtration to maintain water quality without synthetic chemicals. These pools often resemble ponds or lagoons and include a regeneration zone filled with aquatic plants that filter the water naturally. Beneficial bacteria and organic filtration methods help keep the water clean, while circulation systems prevent stagnation and discourage algae growth. Natural pools do not require covering or draining with the seasons, but they do demand ongoing care to maintain ecological balance. While this approach is relatively new in the U.S., it offers a unique and sustainable swimming experience—one that will require a specialized designer and a higher upfront investment that is comparable to the construction of a custom concrete pool.